How do interest rates work on car loans?
A car loan is when you borrow money from a bank or other lender to pay for the cost of a car. You then pay that lender back over time based on terms set at the time you get the loan.
Interest is the cost of borrowing money from a lender. It’s what you pay to the lender on top of the cost of the car. There are different kinds of interest: simple, accrued, and compound. Most car loans use simple interest.
The interest rate on a car loan is the formula used to determine how much you’ll pay your lender above the amount of money paid for the car. Your interest rate will be determined by factors like: your credit score and finances, your vehicle and loan-to-value, and broader market trends.
Want to learn more? Keep reading for more in-depth explanations.
In this guide, we’ll cover:
Car loan basics
Interest rate basics
Interest rates vs. APR
How car loan interest rates work
Factors that affect the interest rate you’re offered
If you’re planning to buy a car, there’s a good chance you’ll need to finance at least part of the purchase. Most people do not buy a car in cash.
Financing allows you to borrow some (or all) of the money for a large purchase and pay it back to the lender over a set period of time. Lenders will charge you interest, which is essentially the fee you pay for borrowing money.
Car loans are very simple in principle. When you want a car that you cannot afford to pay for in cash, a bank loans you the money to purchase the car.
You get to take the car home and drive it as if it’s your own, but it is technically an asset of the bank. When you finish paying back the money that you owe your lender, plus interest, the bank signs the title over to you and you officially own the car.
They’re very similar:
A car loan is the loan you get when you first purchase a vehicle.
A car refinance is when you already have a car loan and decide to get a new loan that replaces the old one.
Some people choose to refinance because it is a way to change the terms of a car loan, which are otherwise locked in for the duration of the loan.
Considering a car refinance? Learn more about refinancing here.
Interest is the cost of borrowing money from a lender.
There are three different types of interest rates which are all calculated in different ways:
Simple interest
Accrued interest
Complex interest
Simple interest (also known as regular interest) is based on the outstanding principal and is paid as you go.
For example:
You borrow $1,000 with a 5% annual interest rate for three years.
$1,000 x 0.05 x 3 = $150
With simple interest, you would pay $50 per year ($150 total) in interest.
Accrued interest accumulates and is unpaid until the end of the payment period.
For example:
You borrow $1,000 with a three year loan term and a 5% annual interest rate accrued every 30 days.
$1,000 x 0.05 x (30 / 365)
You would still owe $150 total, $50 per year, but it’d be paid as $4.11 every 30 days. Essentially, this is an accounting difference where you accrue 13.7 cents of interest per day and pay when you get to 30 days of interest accrued.
Compound interest is paid on the total of the principal and accrued interest.
For example:
You borrow $1,000 with a three year loan term and a 5% interest rate, compounding annually. That means that you pay interest on the interest, essentially.
It’s calculated like this:
Principal x ((1 + %interest)years of loan - 1) = total interest due over time
$1,000 x ((1 + 0.05)3 - 1)
$1,000 x (1.157625 - 1) = $157.27
When it comes to car financing, the terms “APR” and “interest rate” are often used interchangeably. But this is not correct and they are not actually the same.
The interest rate is the cost of borrowing the money, while the APR (or Annual Percentage Rate) is the interest rate plus any additional loan fees for which you are responsible. These fees, also referred to as “prepaid finance charges,” can vary widely from lender to lender. They typically cover costs associated with underwriting their loans and doing the necessary paperwork.
It’s important to review the APR offered to you when looking at a loan, as it’ll give you a better picture of what you’ll actually be paying.
Car loan interest rates are almost always simple interest rates. A borrower is offered one fixed rate for the duration of their car loan. As the borrower pays down the principal, the amount of interest that they pay decreases until they have paid the loan back entirely.
In some cases lenders may use precomputed interest. This means that at the start of your loan they determine how much you will pay in interest and your payments will be divided evenly. If you pay off your loan early, you will still be required to pay the predetermined interest, so you will be unable to save money as you would with a simple interest rate.
The car loan interest rate that is offered will be based on a number of different factors, including the market rates and the credit worthiness of the applicant.
Here are some of the factors that affect the interest rate offered:
Your credit score
Your debt-to-income ratio
Market factors
Your vehicle
Your down payment
The loan term
Your credit score is the biggest factor that is within your control when it comes to what interest rate you will be offered. Your credit score is an indicator of how likely you are to make on-time, full payments every month. The better your score is, the better candidate you are for a car loan. The best interest rates will be offered to applicants with strong credit scores.
Your debt-to-income ratio is another huge indicator of how likely you are to repay your loan. If you have a lot of debt compared to how much money you make, you are considered less likely to repay your loan.
The credit score you are offered will also be based in part on the prevailing rates at the time. If interest rates are high in general you can expect to be offered a higher rate than at other times.
The vehicle you are buying will also impact the interest rate you are offered. The most important factor is the age of the car. The older the car is, the higher the interest rate will be.
The size of your down payment will also have a large impact on your interest rate. The larger your down payment is, the less likely your loan is to become underwater (meaning you owe more money to your lender than the car is worth). Your loan-to-value makes a big difference for both securing a loan and refinancing.
A longer loan term will generally mean a higher interest rate. It will also mean that you will pay more interest over the life of the loan because you will be paying interest for a longer time. Your monthly payments will be lower because they will be stretched out over a longer period of time, but you will (quite literally) pay for this in the long run.
To get the best car loan interest rate possible, prepare by doing the following:
Work on improving your credit score.
Request a copy of your credit report and review for any errors.
Pay down debts where you can, focusing especially on loans with high credit utilization ratios.
Save additional money so that you can make a more sizable down payment.
Get preapproved before heading to the dealership.
Apply with several lenders (3-5) so that you can compare the offers.
Avoid selecting a long repayment period if you can.
Be sure that the car you are purchasing will fit into your budget.
Securing a low car loan interest rate will mean big savings in the long run, so it’s important to do your research and prepare as much as possible when buying a car.
If you are planning to buy a new car it is important to understand how car loan interest rates work and how you can get the best rate possible.
If you already have a car loan and are unhappy with your current interest rate, get started with Auto Approve today to find out how much car loan refinancing can save you!